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HERBERT BAYER/ 2009
(  Satoshi Kinoshita )
| Series: | Prints on paper: Portraits 2 | | Medium: | Giclée on Japanese matte paper | | Size (inches): | 16.5 x 11.7 (paper size) | | Size (mm): | 420 x 297 (paper size) | | Edition size: | 25 | | Catalog #: | PP_0133 | | Description: | From an edition of 25. Signed, titled, date, copyright, edition in pencil on the reverse / Aside from the numbered edition of 5 artist's proofs and 2 printer's proofs.
Just as typography is human speech translated into what can be read, so photography is the translation of reality into a readable image. - Herbert Bayer, 1000 Photo Icons by Anthony Bannon (Foreword), George Eastman House , ISBN: 3822820970 , Page: 522
-www.photoquotes.com/showquotes.aspx?id=938&name=Bayer,Herbert
Herbert Bayer -
Herbert Bayer (1900 – 1985) was an Austrian graphic designer, painter, photographer, and architect.
Bayer apprenticed under the artist Georg Schmidthammer in Linz. Leaving the workshop to study at the Darmstadt Artists' Colony, he became interested in Walter Gropius's Bauhaus manifesto. After Bayer had studied for four years at the Bauhaus under such teachers as Wassily Kandinsky and László Moholy-Nagy, Gropius appointed Bayer director of printing and advertising.
In the spirit of reductive minimalism, Bayer developed a crisp visual style and adopted use of all-lowercase, sans serif typefaces for most Bauhaus publications. Bayer is one of several typographers of the period including Kurt Schwitters and Jan Tschichold who experimented with the creation of a simplified more phonetic-based alphabet. Bayer designed the 1925 geometric sans-serif typeface called universal,[1] now issued in digital form as Bayer Universal.[2] The design also inspired ITC Bauhaus and Architype Bayer, which bears comparison with the stylistically related typeface Architype Schwitters.
In 1928, Bayer left the Bauhaus to become art director of Vogue magazine's Berlin office. He remained in Germany far later than most other progressives. In 1936 he designed a brochure for the Deutschland Ausstellung, an exhibition for tourists in Berlin during the 1936 Olympic Games - the brochure celebrated life in the Third Reich, and the authority of Hitler. However, in 1937, works of Bayer's were included in the Nazi propaganda exhibition "Degenerate Art", upon which he left Germany in 1938 to settle in New York City where he had a long and distinguished career in nearly every aspect of the graphic arts. In 1944 Bayer married Joella Syrara Haweis, the daughter of poet Mina Loy.
In 1946 the Bayers relocated. Hired by industrialist and visionary Walter Paepcke, Bayer moved to Aspen, Colorado as Paepcke promoted skiing as a popular sport. Bayer's architectural work in the town included co-designing the Aspen Institute and restoring the Wheeler Opera House, but his production of promotional posters identified skiing with wit, excitement, and glamour. Bayer would remain associated with Aspen until the mid-1970s. Bayer gave the Denver Art Museum a collection of around 8,000 of his works.
In 1959, he designed his "fonetik alfabet", a phonetic alphabet, for English. It was sans-serif and without capital letters. He had special symbols for the endings -ed, -ory, -ing, and -ion, as well as the digraphs "ch", "sh", and "ng". An underline indicated the doubling of a consonant in traditional orthography.
Bayer's works appear in prominent public and private collections including the MIT List Visual Arts Center.
References:
* Cohen, Arthur Allen. Herbert Bayer: The Complete Work. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1984
* Chanzit, Gwen. From Bauhaus to Aspen: Herbert Bayer and Modernist Design in America. Denver, CO: Johnson Press and Denver Art Museum, 2005 (originally published as Herbert Bayer and Modernist Design in America. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1987)
-en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Bayer
study of bauhaus typography:
The Bauhaus was a German art school which existed from 1919 through 1933. No other institution has had the profound influence on 20th century design as the Bauhaus. It was founded by architect Walter Gropius in the city of Weimar. Founded on the principles of the Arts and Crafts movement, the aim of the Bauhaus was to incorporate art and industry. In 1925, the Bauhaus moved to Dessau. It was during this year that the young Austrian artist, Herbert Bayer, was appointed to head the printing and advertising workshops in Dessau.
Herbert Bayer was born on April 5, 1900 in a village near Salzburg in Northern Austria. At age 19, the young Bayer became an apprentice of Linz artist Georg Schmidthammer. While studying in Schmidthammer's workshop Bayer designed letterheads, posters and advertisements. The next year, Bayer left the workshop in Linz and went to the German city of Darmstadt where he worked in the workshop of Viennese architect Emmanuel Margold at the Darmstadt Artists Colony. While there, Bayer was trained in the Art Nouveau styles and began to gain an interest in Gropius' book Bauhaus-Manifest. He left Darmstadt in 1921 and was interviewed by Gropius in Weimar. Bayer was accepted to the Bauhaus and during the next four years Bayer studied under the guidance of the school's great professors. After passing his final examination, the journeyman's exam, Bayer was appointed by Gropius to direct the new "Druck und Reklame" (printing and advertising) workshop to open when the Bauhaus moved to the city of Dessau in April, 1925.
1925 was possibly Bayer's busiest year. In October, he instituted the lowercase alphabet as the style for all Bauhaus printing. To accompany this, Bayer founded "universal", a geometric sans-serif font. This year Bayer also designed signage for the Bauhaus' new building complex in Dessau, the Bauhaus workshops descriptive product catalogue. It is during this year that Bayer, while on a vacation in Paris, gained an appreciation for the art of photography and began to experiment with his camera.
In 1928, Bayer left the Bauhaus and became the art director of Vogue magazine in Berlin. Until 1938, when he moved to New York City, Bayer worked on the German publication "Die neue Linie." When Bayer became settled in America he worked in association with his friend Walter Gropius to design the exposition "Bauhaus 1918-28" at the New York Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art.
When he died at the age of 85 in 1985, Herbert Bayer left behind him an outstanding career which affected nearly every field of the arts, from painting to photography and typography to teaching.
-www.type.nu/bayer/index.html
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