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HERMANN RORSCHACH/ 2011
(  Satoshi Kinoshita )
| Series: | Prints on paper: Portraits 3 | | Medium: | Giclée on Japanese matte paper | | Size (inches): | 16.5 x 11.7 (paper size) | | Size (mm): | 420 x 297 (paper size) | | Edition size: | 25 | | Catalog #: | PP_0213 | | Description: | From an edition of 25. Signed, titled, date, copyright, edition in pencil on the reverse / Aside from the numbered edition of 5 artist's proofs and 2 printer's proofs.
"One flew east, one flew west, what the hell is a Rorschach test?"
- Ken Kesey on six doses of Luden's Extra Strength LSD
Hermann Rorschach -
Hermann Rorschach (German pronunciation: [ˌhɛʁman ˈʁoːʁʃax] or [ˈʁoːɐ̯ʃax]; 8 November 1884 – 1 April 1922) was a Swiss Freudian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, best known for developing a projective test known as the Rorschach inkblot test. This test was reportedly designed to reflect unconscious parts of the personality that "project" onto the stimuli. Individuals were shown 10 inkblots, one at a time, and asked to report what objects or figures they saw in each of them.[1]
Rorschach was born in Zürich and spent his childhood and youth in Schaffhausen. He became known to his high school friends as Klecks, or "inkblot" since, like many other young people in his native country, he enjoyed Klecksography, the making of fanciful inkblot "pictures." Unlike his classmates, however, Rorschach would go on to make inkblots his life's work.
Like his father, an art teacher, Rorschach engaged in painting and drawing conventional pictures. When it was time for him to graduate from high school, he could not decide between a career in art and one in science. He wrote a letter to the famous German biologist Ernst Haeckel asking his advice. The scientist suggested science, and Rorschach enrolled in medical school at the University of Zurich. Rorschach began learning Russian, and in 1906, while studying in Berlin, he went for a holiday in Russia. Rorschach graduated in medicine at Zurich in 1909 and at the same time became engaged to Olga Stempelin, a girl from Kazan in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. At the end of 1913, after graduation, he married Stempelin,and the couple moved to live in Russia.[2] A son was born in 1917, and a daughter in 1919.
Rorschach studied under the eminent psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, who had taught Carl Jung. The excitement in intellectual circles over psychoanalysis constantly reminded Rorschach of his childhood inkblots. Wondering why different people often saw entirely different things in the same inkblots he began, while still a medical student, showing inkblots to schoolchildren and analyzing their responses.
In 1857, German doctor Justinus Kerner had published a popular book of poems, each of which was inspired by an accidental inkblot and it has been speculated that the book was known to Rorschach.[3] French psychologist Alfred Binet had also experimented with inkblots as a creativity test.[4]
By July 1914, Rorschach had returned to Switzerland, where he served as an assistant director at the regional psychiatric hospital at Herisau.[2] and in 1921 he wrote his book Psychodiagnostik, which was to form the basis of the inkblot test.
Only one year after writing his book, however, Rorschach died of peritonitis, probably brought on by a ruptured appendix.[5] He was associate director of the Herisau Hospital when he died at the age of 37, on 1 April 1922.[6]
References:
1. ^ Huffman, K. (2008), Psychology in Action, John Wiley & Sons, 9th Edition, ISBN 0470379111
2. ^ a b Herman Rorschach, M.D at mhhe.com
3. ^ Pichot, P. (1984). Centenary of the birth of Hermann Rorschach. (S. Rosenzweig & E. Schriber, Trans.). Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 591–596.
4. ^ Herman Rorcshach, M.D at mhhe.com
5. ^ "A blot on the scientific landscape". SwissInfo.ch. 2008-01-11. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
6. ^ "About the International Society". The International Rorschach Society. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Rorschach
Rorschach test -
The Rorschach test (German pronunciation: [ˈʁoːɐʃax]; also known as the Rorschach inkblot test, the Rorschach technique, or simply the inkblot test) is a psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms, or both. Some psychologists use this test to examine a person's personality characteristics and emotional functioning. It has been employed to detect underlying thought disorder, especially in cases where patients are reluctant to describe their thinking processes openly.[3] The test is named after its creator, Swiss psychologist Hermann Rorschach.
In the 1960s, the Rorschach was the most widely used projective test.[4] In a national survey in the U.S., the Rorschach was ranked eighth among psychological tests used in outpatient mental health facilities.[5] It is the second most widely used test by members of the Society for Personality Assessment, and it is requested by psychiatrists in 25% of forensic assessment cases,[5] usually in a battery of tests that often include the MMPI-2 and the MCMI-III.[6] In surveys, the use of Rorschach ranges from a low of 20% by correctional psychologists[7] to a high of 80% by clinical psychologists engaged in assessment services, and 80% of psychology graduate programs surveyed teach it.[8]
Although the Exner Scoring System (developed since the 1960s) claims to have addressed and often refuted many criticisms of the original testing system with an extensive body of research,[9] some researchers continue to raise questions. The areas of dispute include the objectivity of testers, inter-rater reliability, the verifiability and general validity of the test, bias of the test's pathology scales towards greater numbers of responses, the limited number of psychological conditions which it accurately diagnoses, the inability to replicate the test's norms, its use in court-ordered evaluations, and the proliferation of the ten inkblot images, potentially invalidating the test for those who have been exposed to them.[10]
Notes:
3. ^ Gacano & J. Reid Meloy 1994[page needed]
4. ^ a b c d e Chapman, Loren J.; Chapman, Jean (1982). "Test results are what you think they are". In Kahneman, Daniel; Slovic, Paul; Tversky, Amos. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 238–248. ISBN 0-521-28414-7
5. ^ a b Gacano & J. Reid Meloy 1994, p. 4
6. ^ a b c edited by Carl B. Gacono, F. Barton Evans ; with Lynne A. Gacono, Nancy Kaser-Boyd. (2007). The handbook of forensic Rorschach psychology. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. p. 80. ISBN 9780805858235.
7. ^ a b Raynor, Peter; McIvor, Gill (2008). Developments in Social Work Offenders (Research Highlights in Social Work). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. p. 138. ISBN 1-84310-538-1.
8. ^ a b c Weiner & Greene 2007, p. 402
9. ^ a b c d e Exner, John E. (2002). The Rorschach: Basic Foundations and Principles of Interpretation: Volume 1. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0471386723.[page needed]
10. ^ a b Scott O. Lilienfeld, James M- Wood and Howard N. Garb: What's wrong with this picture? Scientific American, May 2001
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rorschach_test
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